Gipuzkoa (one of the seven provinces) represented Gu-iz-puzk-ko-ak, or literally those whose language was broken. One attempt to substantiate this claim was that of the Abbe Diharce de Bidassouet who based his claim on some inventive etymological work. To disrupt the project, God imposed a multitude of languages on the workers so that they could not communicate with one another). (The biblical story in which God thwarts the human effort to build a high tower to reach the heavens. Leading writers from the theological age-predominately in the late 18th, and early 19th centuries-put forth claims that Basque was the original language spoken prior to the linguistic fragmentation resulting from the Tower of Babel. Philippe Veyrin, a French student of Basque origins, grouped explanations into three broad categories: theological, the metaphysical and scientific theories. Neither is easy to answer but there has been no shortage of efforts. Where are they from? Who are the Basques? Both are questions that many Basques are asked. Therefore, what is certain is that the Basques are the oldest indigenous people of western Europe. that established the ethnic composition of modern Europe. Nonetheless, even these conservative estimates place the Basques in western Europe long before the migrations of the second millennium B.C. Those skeptical of the tens of thousands of years of a Basque presence place their arrival sometime between 5,000 and 3,000 B.C. The debate is whether the Basque populace and culture developed-in situ-there in the Pyrenees or if they migrated into their present homeland. What is unknown, however, is if they were ancestors of the Basques. Other archeological finds suggest that the present Basque homeland contained human communities as long as 70,000 years ago.
Outside the city of Gernika, one can find the caves of Santimamine which contains the remnants of a culture 20,000 years ago. They range from the incredulous (that Basques are the survivors the lost people of Atlantis, the fabled land that sunk into the sea) the mythical (Basques are descendants of Aitor, the first Basque man) the pre-historic (Basques descended from the Stone Age, proponents pointing to Basque words for tools that all incorporate stone) the expansive (purported links with other distant languages) to the probable (Basques are descendants of the Iberians, people who once inhabited Spain). There is no shortage of theories that seek to explain the origins of the Basques, western Europe's mystery people.
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